BASIC REFERENCES TO DIFFERENT TERRAIN-FOLLOWING OCEAN MODELS



 

*************************** POM(standard) *************** 

Blumberg, A. F. and G. L. Mellor, A description of a three-
dimensional coastal ocean circulation model, Three-Dimensional 
Coastal ocean Models, edited by N. Heaps, 208 pp., American 
Geophysical Union, 1987. 

Mellor, G. L., Users guide for a three-dimensional, primitive 
equation, numerical ocean model, 38 pp., Prog. in Atmos. and 
Ocean. Sci, Princeton University, 1996. 



 

*************************** POM(general-coor.) ***********

Mellor, G. L., S. Hakkinen, T. Ezer and R. Patchen, A generalization 
of a sigma coordinate ocean model and an intercomparison of model 
vertical grids, In: Ocean Forecasting: Theory and Practice, 
N. Pinardi (Ed.), Springer-Verlag, In Press, 2000. 



 

*************************** POM(parallel) ********************** 

Oberpriller, W. D., A. Sawdey, M. T. O'Keefe and S. Gao, Parallelizing 
the Princeton Ocean Model using TOPAZ, Parallel Computer Sys. Lab., 
Dept. Elec. Comp. Eng., University of Minnesota, Tech. Report, 21pp., 
1998. 



 

*************************** POM(non-Boussinesq) **********

Mellor, G. L. and T. Ezer, Sea level variations induced by 
heating and cooling: An evaluation of the Boussinesq approximation 
in ocean models, J. Geophys. Res., 100(C10), 20,565-20,577, 1995. 



 

*************************** ECOM ************************
   
Blumberg, A.F., R. P. Signell and H. L. Jenter, Modeling 
transport processes in the coastal ocean, J. Mar. Envir. 
Eng., 31-52, 1993.
   
Blumberg, A.F., A perimer for ECOM-si, HydroQual, Mahwah,
NJ., 1991.



 

*************************** SCRUM ******************************* 

Song, Y. and D. B. Haidvogel. A semi-implicit ocean circulation model 
using a generalized topography-following coordinate system. J. Comp. 
Phys., 115(1):228-244, 1994. 



 

*************************** SEOM ******************************** 

Iskandarani, M., D.B. Haidvogel, and J.P. Boyd. A staggered spectral 
element model with applications to the oceanic shallow water equations. 
Int. J. Num. Meth. Fl., 20:393-414, 1995. 

Haidvogel, D. B., Enrique Curchitser, M. Iskandarani, R. Hughes, 
and M. Taylor. Global modeling of the ocean and atmosphere using 
the spectral element method. Atmosphere-Ocean, 35:505-531, 1997. 



 

*************************** SPEM ********************************* 

Haidvogel, D. B., J. L. Wilkin and R. Young, A semi-spectral primitive
equation ocean circulation model using vertical sigma and orthogonal
curvilinear horizontal coordinates, J. Comp. Phys., 94, 151-185, 1991.

Hedstrom, K. S., User's manual for a semi-spectral primitive equation 
regional ocean-circulation model version 3.9. Technical Report 93-23, 
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 
New Brunswick, NJ, March 1994. 



 

*************************** ROMS ********************************** 

Haidvogel, D.B., H.G. Arango, K. Hedstrom, A. Beckmann, P. Malanotte-
Rizzoli, and A.F. Shchepetkin, 2000: Model Evaluation Experiments in 
the North Atlantic Basin: Simulations in Nonlinear Terrain-Following 
Coordinates, Dyn. Atmos.  Oceans, 2000. 

Shchepetkin, A.F. and J.C. McWilliams, The Regional Ocean Modeling 
System: A split-explicit, free-surface, topography-following coordinates 
ocean model, Submitted, 2000. 



 

**************** Pressure Gradient Errors  ************************ 

Auclair, F., P. Marsaleix and C. Estournel, Sigma coordinate pressure
gradient errors: Evaluation and reduction by an inverse method,
J. Atmos. Ocean Tech., 17, 1348-1367, 2000.

Beckman, A., and D. Haidvogel, Numerical simulation of flow around a
tall isolated seamount, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1736-1753, 1993.

Chu, P. C. and C. Fan, Sixth-order difference scheme for sigma coordinate
ocean models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27(9), 2064-2071, 1997.

Chu, P.C., and C.W. Fan, A three-point combined compact difference
scheme. Journal of Computational Physics, 140, 370-399. 1998.

Gary, J. M., Estimate of truncation error in transformed coordinate
primitive equation atmospheric models, J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 223-233,
1973.

Haney, R. L., On the pressure gradient force over steep topography in
sigma coordinate ocean models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 610-619, 1991.

Kliem, N. and J. D. Pietrzak, On the pressure gradient error in sigma 
coordinate ocean models: A comparison with laboratory experiment,
J. Geophys. Res., 104(C12), 29,781-29,799, 1999.

Lin, S.-J., A finite volume integration method for computing 
pressure gradient force in general vertical coordinates, Q. J. R. Meteorol. 
Soc., 123, 1749-1762, 1997.  

McCalpin, J. D., A comparison of second-order and fourth-order pressure
gradient algorithms in a sigma coordinate ocean model, Int. J. Num.
Methods Fluids, 18, 361-383.

Mellor, G. L., T. Ezer and L. Y. Oey, The pressure gradient conundrum of 
sigma coordinate ocean models, J. Atmos. Oceanic. Technol., Vol. 11,
No. 4, Part 2, 1126-1134, 1994.

Mellor, G. L., L. Y. Oey and T. Ezer, Sigma coordinate pressure gradient 
errors and the seamount problem, J. Atmos. Oceanic. Technol., 15(5),
1122-1131, 1998.

Robertson, R., L. Padman, and M. D. Levine, A correction to the baroclinic
pressure gradient term in the Princeton Ocean Model. J. Atm. Ocean Tech.,
18, 1068-1075, 2001.

Shchepetkin, A.F. and J.C. McWilliams, A method for computing horizontal
pressure gradient force in an ocean model with non-aligned vertical 
coordinate, Submitted, 2001. 

Song, Y. T., A general pressure gradient formulation for ocean models.
Part I: Scheme design and diagnostic analysis, Mon. Weath. Rev., 126,
3213-3230, 1998.

Song, Y. T. and D. G. Wright, A general pressure gradient formulation for 
ocean models. Part II: Energy, momentum, and bottom torque consistency, 
Mon. Weath. Rev., 126, 3231-3247, 1998.