Selected Publications of CODAM Scientists

Aikman, F., G. L. Mellor, T. Ezer, D. Shenin, P. Chen, L. Breaker, K. Bosley,
and D. B. Rao, Toward an operational nowcast/forecast system for the U.S.
east coast, In: Modern Approaches to Data Assimilation in Ocean Modeling,
P. Malanotte-Rizzoli Ed., Elsevier Publ., 61, 347-376, 1996.

Anderson, J. L., The climatology of blocking in numerical forecast model,
J. Clim., 6, 1042-1056, 1993.

Anderson, J. L., A simulation of atmospheric blocking with a forced
barotropic model, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, (15), 2113-2128, 1996.

Anderson, J. L., A method of producing and evaluating probabilistic forecasts 
from ensemble model integrations. Journal of Climate, 9 (7), 1518-1530, 1996.

Anderson, J. L., Selection of initial conditions for ensemble forecasts in a 
simple perfect model framework. J. Atmos. Sci., 53 (1), 22-36, 1996. 

Anderson, J. L., and W. F. Stern, Evaluating the potential predictive utility 
of ensemble forecasts. J. Climate, 9 (2), 260-269.

Blumberg, A. F. and G. L. Mellor, A description of a three-dimensional coastal 
ocean circulation model, Three-Dimensional Coastal ocean Models, edited by N. 
Heaps, 208 pp., American Geophysical Union, 1987.

Bryan, K., A numerical method for the study of the circulation of the world 
ocean, J. Comput. Phys., 4(3), 347-376, 1969.

Cox, M.D., A primitive equation, three-dimensional model of the ocean, GFDL
Ocean Group Technical Report No. 1., NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Lab.,
Princeton, NJ, 75 pp. 1984.

Derber, J. and A. Rosati, A global oceanic data assimilation system.
J. Phys. Oceanog., 19, 1333-1347, 1989.

Ezer, T., D. S. Ko and G. L. Mellor, Modeling and forecasting the Gulf Stream, 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Nowcasting and Forecasting, edited by D. L. Durham and 
J. K. Lewis, Mar. Tech. Soc. Journal, 26(2), 5-14, 1992.
 
Ezer, T. and G. L. Mellor, A numerical study of the variability and the 
separation of the Gulf Stream, induced by surface atmospheric forcing and 
lateral boundary flows, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 660-682, 1992.

Ezer, T., G. L. Mellor, D. S. Ko and Z. Sirkes, A comparison of Gulf Stream sea
surface height fields derived from Geosat altimeter data and those derived from
sea surface temperature data., J. Atmos. Oceanic. Technol., 10, 76-87, 1993.

Ezer, T., On the interaction between the Gulf Stream and the New England 
Seamount Chain, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 191-204, 1994.

Ezer, T. and G. L. Mellor, Continuous assimilation of Geosat altimeter data 
into a three-dimensional primitive equation Gulf Stream model, J. Phys. 
Oceanogr., 24, 832-847, 1994.

Ezer, T. and G. L. Mellor, Diagnostic and prognostic calculations of the
North Atlantic circulation and sea level using a sigma coordinate ocean model,
J. Geophys. Res., 99(C7), 14,159-14,171, 1994.

Ezer, T., G. L. Mellor, and R. J. Greatbatch, On the interpentadal variability 
of the North Atlantic ocean: Model simulated changes in transport, meridional 
heat flux and coastal sea level between 1955-1959 and 1970-1974, J. Geophys. 
Res., 100, In Press, 1995.

Ezer, T. and G. L. Mellor, Data assimilation in the Gulf Stream region:
How useful are satellite-derived surface data for nowcasting the subsurface
fields?, J. Atmos. Ocean Tech., special issue on data assimilation and model
evaluation, In press, 1997.

Griffies, S. M. and K. Bryan, North Atlantic thermohaline circulation 
predictability in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, J. Clim., Submitted, 1995.

Griffies, S. M. and E. Tziperman, A linear thermohaline oscillator driven
by stochastic atmospheric forcing, J. Clim., 8, 2440-2453, 1995.

Griffies, S. M. and K. Bryan, predictability of North Atlantic multidecadal 
climate variability, Science, 275, 181-184, 1997.

Gu, D and S. G. H. Philander, Secular changes of annual and interannual
variability in the tropics during the past century, J. Clim., Submitted, 1993.

Lee, S., and J. L. Anderson, A simulation of atmospheric storm tracks with a 
forced barotropic model. J. Atmos. Sci., 53 (15), 2113-2128, 1996.

Malanotte-Rizzoli, P. and E. Tziperman, 1996. The Oceanographic Data
Assimilation Problem: Overview, Motivation and Purposes. Modern approaches
to data assimilation in ocean modeling, Malanotte-Rizzoli, Ed., Elsevier, 3-17.

Mellor, G. L., User's guide for a three-dimensional, primitive equation, 
numerical ocean model, 35 pp., Prog. in Atmos. and Ocean. Sci, Princeton 
University, 1992.

Mellor, G. L. and T. Yamada, A hierarchy of turbulence closure models for 
planetary boundary layers, J. Atmos. Sci., 13, 1791-1806, 1974.

Mellor, G. L. and T. Yamada, Development of a turbulent closure model for 
geophysical fluid problems, Rev. Geophys., 20, 851-875, 1982.

Mellor, G. L. and A. F. Blumberg, Modeling vertical and horizontal 
diffusivities with the sigma coordinate system, Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 
1380-1383, 1985.

Mellor, G. L., An equation of state for numerical models of ocean and 
estuaries, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 8, 609-611, 1991.

Mellor, G. L. and T. Ezer, A Gulf Stream model and an altimetry assimilation 
scheme, J. Geophys. Res, 96, 8779-8795, 1991.

Miyakoda, K., A. Rosati and R. Gudgel, ENSO forecasting with a coupled model,
Part I: The system, Mon. Weather Rev., Submitted, 1994.

Pacanowski, R., K. Dixon and A. Rosati, 1991: The G.F.D.L Modular Ocean Model 
Users Guide, GFDL Ocean Group Technical Report No. 2, 44 pp., 1991.

Philander, S. G. H., R. C. Pacanowski, N.-C. Lau and N. J. Nath, Simulation
of ENSO with a global atmospheric GCM coupled to a high-resolution
tropical pacific ocean GCM, J. Clim., 5, 308-329, 1992.

Philander, S. G. H., Review of "Currents of Change: El Niqo's Impact on Climate
and Society," by M.H. Glantz. Nature, 385 (6611), 194, 1997.

Philander, S. G. H., El Niqo, La Niqa, and the Southern Oscillation. In 
Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, Vol. 1, New York: Oxford University Press,
273-277, 1996.  

Philander, S. G. H., D. Gu, D. Halpern, G. Lambert, N-C. Lau, T. Li, and R.C. 
Pacanowski, Why the ITCZ is mostly north of the equator. J. Clim., 9 (12) 
Part I, 2958-2972, 1996.
 
Pinardi, N., A. Rosati and R. C. Pacanowski, The sea surface pressure
formulation of rigid lid models, implications for altimetric data assimilation
studies, J. Mar. Sys., 6, 109-119, 1994.

Rosati, A., R. Gudgel and K. Miyakoda, Decadal series of ocean data 
assimilation, Mon. Weather Rev., In Press, 1995.

Rosati, A., R. Gudgel, and K. Miyakoda, Global ocean data assimilation system.
In Modern Approaches to Data Assimilation in Ocean Modeling, Elsevier Science, 
181-203, 1996.

Sirkes, Z., E. Tziperman and C. W. Thacker, Combining Data and a Global
Primitive Equation Ocean General Circulation Model Using the Adjoint Method. In:
Modern approaches to data assimilation in ocean modeling, Malanotte-Rizzoli, P.
Ed., Elsevier, 119-145, 1996.

Toggweiller, J. R. and B. Samuels, Is the magnitude of the deep outflow
from the atlantic ocean actually governed by southern hemisphere winds?
in The global Carbon Cycle, ed. M. Heimann, 303-331, NATO ASI Ser. I,
Vol. 15, 1993.

Toggweiler, J. R. and B. Samuels, Effect of Drake passage on the global
thermohaline circulation, Deep Sea Res., Submitted, 1993.

Toggweiller, J. R., The ocean's overturning circulation, Phys. Today,
47, 45-50, 1994.

Tziperman, E., W. C. Tacker and K. Bryan, Computing the steady oceanic
circulation using an optimization approach, Dyn. Atmos. Ocean, 16,
379-403, 1992.

Tziperman, E. and K. Bryan, Estimating global air-sea fluxes from surface
properties and from climatological flux data using an oceanic general
circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22,629-22,644, 1993.

Tziperman, E., J. R. Toggweiller, Y. Felix and K. Bryan, Instability of
the thermohaline circulation with respect to mixed boundary conditions: 
Is it realy a problem for realistic models?, J. Phys. Oceanog., 24,
217-232, 1994. 

Tziperman, E., M. A. Cane and S. Zebiak, 1995: Irregularity and locking to the
seasonal cycle in an ENSO prediction model as explained by the quasi-
periodicity route to chaos. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 52, 293-306.

Willems, R. C., S. M. Glenn, M. F. Crowley, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, R. E.
Young, T. Ezer, G. L. Mellor, H. G. Arango, A. R. Robinson, and C.-C. Lai,
Experiment evaluates ocean models and data assimilation in the Gulf Stream,
EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 75(34), 385-394, 1994.